马德里新冠应急医院景观设计 | Cjcpaisaje

▼马德里应急医院景观

Emergency Hospital Landscape in Madrid © Cjcpaisaje  

为了达到快速实施、隔离与保护的目标，马德里应急医院的微型公园以活体微生物的简易集成为参照，创建了一套基于预制构建技术的自然系统。患者、访客或医护人员可以在这些由树木与草灌围合而成的私密区域中会面，亦或是漫步于这些大型绿岛周围。

The micro-parklands of the Emergency Hospital in Madrid create a natural system of prefabricated elements following the aim of rapid implementation, isolation, and protection taking as reference the simple integrated system of living microorganisms. These enclosures provide circular areas where patients, visitors or healthcare professionals can meet in secret places surrounded by trees and shrubs or they can walk around large green islands.

▼树木和草灌围合而成的绿岛

large green islands surrounded by trees and shrubs © Cjcpaisaje  

项目位于马德里Hortaleza 区Medicina Legal大楼的北侧，占地面积7434 平米，约为总地块面积的十分之一。它位于“司法之城”园区法医大楼的北侧，在新冠疫情期间，这里仅用100 天建成了一座应急公立医院。地块呈四边形，高差有4.5米。

由于气候条件干燥，植物多选用耐旱品种，还需兼顾减少过敏或引发呼吸道疾病的风险。重塑后的的地形可保存雨水，并将其引至那些用作“海绵”的绿地，以减少径流、存储雨水、清理沉积物和污染物，并将其融入到周边的生态系统之中。

The landscape architecture project has a surface of 7,434 sqm and occupies a plot of 69,781 sqm located in the Hortaleza district of Madrid. This plot, belonging to the previous City of Justice project on the north side of the Medicina Legal building, is destinated to a public hospital constructed in 100 days during the Covid-19 pandemic. The plot is trapezoidal and has a drop of 4.5 meters. 

Due to dry climatic conditions, adapted species with low water demand have been selected reducing the risk of allergies or respiratory problems. The topography has been modified to conserve rainwater and direct it to green areas that act as sponges that reduce runoff, store water, remove sediment and pollutants and release it into other ecosystems.  

▼植物的选种需适应当地气候条件，且减少过敏或引发呼吸道疾病的风险 

Plants selection adapting to the local climatic conditions and reducing the risk of allergies or respiratory problems  © Cjcpaisaje

▼景观干预受启发于微生物的构造

The landscape architecture intervention are extracted from microorganisms elements © Cjcpaisaje

景观干预中所考虑的基本要素，受到微生物在调节气候变化中所起的重要作用启发，具体如下：

The essential elements considered in defining the landscape architecture intervention are extracted from the crucial role of microorganisms in the regulation of climate change and they are as follows:

▼景观干预时考虑的基本要素

Essential elements considered in defining the landscape architecture © Cjcpaisaje

保护系统_细胞壁。绿带与医院综合体的三座建筑相平行，紧挨着那由成排的树木、芳香的矮灌和缤纷的地被所组成的景观系统，构成了医院周边高度敏感的自然环境。与整洁的道路相平行的内街置入有三个廊架，延续了医院走廊的直线特征。与主干道平行的绿带则参考了诺特山脉的植物配置，以满足分隔和保护的需求。

Protection system_Cell Wall. The green bands parallel to the three buildings of the hospital complex close to the landscape intervention where the presence of rows of trees, aromatic shrubs, and colorful groundcovers make up a highly sensitive natural environment close to the Hospital. The scheme of clean roads parallel to the street that joins the three pavilions follows the straight lines that characterize the hospital corridors. The parallel green bands to the main road meet the objective of border and protection taking as reference the planting palette of the Sierra Norte Layer.

▼保护系统_细胞壁

Protection system_Cell Wall © Cjcpaisaje

汇集点, 细胞核DNA。周围环绕着不会引发呼吸道问题或过敏的果树、芳香灌木和地被。以家庭为单位的到访者可以被带到这些户外候诊室，未来还将放置长凳、椅子、桌子于其中。软景借鉴了南部草原的植物搭配。这些微空间能供所有年龄段的人玩耍、远程办公以及休息。

Meeting point_Nucleus DNA. Surrounded by fruit trees, aromatic shrubs, and groundcovers that do not cause respiratory problems or allergies, family units can be brought together into these outdoor waiting rooms that will house benches, chairs, and support tables in the future. The soft landscape takes as reference the planting palette of the Estepa Sur Layer. These micro-spaces are opened to multiple uses of all ages for playing, teleworking, and resting.

▼汇集点, 细胞核

DNA  Meeting point_Nucleus DNA © Cjcpaisaje

循环系统_液泡。由椭圆和纵向的绿色叶片所构成的设计语言，塑造出了空间的围合感，同时又保持了与公园内的通畅视野。这些“括号”型的绿地围合出了核心区域，并连接着安全通道。新冠患者的康复过程有时会伴随有副作用，例如由血流量增大导致腿部静脉的血栓形成。医生建议在康复期间进行日常锻炼和长时间散步。另外，这些绿色区域参考了Vega Campiña Layer的植物配置。

Circulation system _Vacuoles. The landscape design made of elliptical and longitudinal green areas leaves controlled enclosures between them and opened views over parks around. These "parentheses" enclose the core areas and lead to safe walkways. The recovery of Covid-19 patients can leave side effects such as the formation of thrombosis in the leg veins by increasing blood flow. Doctors recommend daily exercise and long walks during recovery. These green areas take as reference the planting palette of the Vega Campiña Layer.

▼循环系统_液泡

Circulation system _Vacuoles © Cjcpaisaje

渗透基质_细胞质。压实的红土充当一种粒状流体。可渗透的路面是采用石灰石、碾碎的红色花岗岩、石英、长石、云母等材料铺成，并根据地形的轮廓压实。在先前未完成的“City of Justice”项目基础上，部分景观措施被要求在地下结构层中增设额外的铺层，如防水、防潮、排水和其它绿色屋顶常用的基层。为了保证排放物的密实性，场地还必须进行清理作业，清除碎屑和未压实的土壤。

Porous base materials_ Cytoplasm. Compacted red soil acts as a granular fluid. The pavements are porous using materials such as limestone, crushed red granite, quartz, feldspar, mica, and they are compacted following the contours of the terrain. On the underground galleries belonging to the previous unfinished City of Justice project, a part of the landscape intervention has required additional layers such as waterproofing, vapor barriers, drainage, and other elements typical of green roofs. To guarantee the compactness of the discharges, it has been necessary to carry out cleaning operations to remove the disintegrated and non-compacted soils.

▼渗透基质_细胞质

Porous base materials_ Cytoplasm © Cjcpaisaje

这个项目是为了辅助医院的康复计划，为候诊区增设室外部分。它作为医院运作的一部分，来疗愈新冠病人和缓解疫情所带来的压力和情感创伤。耐候钢轮廓线划定了室外的聚集空间，同时也能用作那些接受治疗或接种疫苗后，需要被隔离开的等待区。此外，集中的绿色区域有助于保持与周围公园的连续性，如Valdebebas和Juan Carlos 公园。

The aim of the landscape architecture project is to support the hospital in the outdoor areas as part of the recovery program and waiting areas. It is intended to be a part of the machine to heal and to provide relief from the stress and emotional trauma of the Covid-19 hospital environment. Corten steel contours delimit spaces such as outdoor meeting rooms and can serve to enclose isolated enclosures for post-treatment or waiting areas for the vaccination process. Additionally, the concentration of green areas helps to give continuity with the surrounding parks such as Valdebebas Park and Juan Carlos I Park.

▼户外作为恢复计划和等候区的一部分

Outdoor areas supports as part of the recovery program and waiting areas © Cjcpaisaje

微生物在制氧、降解有机物、供养植物、维持人体健康等方面都是有益的，当然也有一些微生物会在植物和人体内引发疾病。虽然病毒被归类为微生物，但不被认为是生命体。它们不能在宿主细胞外繁殖，也不能自行代谢。除了病毒，其他能维持早期有机生命体的系统也为这些室外的设计和布局提供了灵感，以帮助对抗潜在的传染病。

由于马德里应急医院启动的紧迫性、经济约束以及超额预算的费用，部分景观项目尚未建造，有些则进行了必要的调整和削减。

Microorganisms are beneficial in producing oxygen, decomposing organic material, providing nutrients for plants, and maintaining human health, but some can be pathogenic and cause disease in plants and humans. Although viruses are classified as microorganisms, they are not considered living organisms. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell and cannot metabolize on their own. Beyond viruses, it is the other vital system of primitive organisms that has guided the design and distribution of these external areas that acts against possible infections.

Due to the urgency in the inauguration, the economic restrictions, and the extra cost of the Madrid Emergency Hospital with respect to the initial budget, some parts of the landscape architecture project have not yet been built and others have had to be modified and reduced.

▼设计模型与施工前的场地

Design scenario and the site before construction © Cjcpaisaje

▼第一阶段的景观平面图

Plan of Phase i © Cjcpaisaje

▼第一阶段的细部平面图

Detailed Plan of Phase i © Cjcpaisaje

▼第一阶段的拓展屋顶绿化细部平面图

Detailed Plan of Phase with Extensive Greenroof i © Cjcpaisaje

▼第二阶段景观平面图

Plan of Phase ii © Cjcpaisaje

▼景观方案总体意图 

Diagram of landscape intervention © Cjcpaisaje

_项目信息 

_{项目名称：Emergency Hospital Landscape in Madrid 马德里应急医院景观}

_{项目地点：Madrid, Spain马德里，西班牙}

_{项目规模：7434m2}

_{景观设计师 & 公司：Cristina Jorge_Cjcpaisaje}

_{建筑设计：Chile15 arquitectos}

_{委托方：Servicio de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid  马德里社会卫生部}

_{设计时间：2020}

_{建成时间：2020}

_{图片来源：Cjcpaisaje}

_{所获奖项：Dezeen Awards 2021}

_{Project: Emergency Hospital Landscape in Madrid}

_{Location: Madrid, Spain}

_{Surface: 7.434 m2}

_{Designer & Landscape architecture office: Cristina Jorge_Cjcpaisaje}

_{Architecture: Chile15 arquitectos}

_{Commissioned by: Servicio de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid}

_{Design: 2020}

_{Realisation: 2020}

_{Photography: Cjcpaisaje}

_{Awards: Dezeen Awards 2021}

_{编译：许恒源}

_{校对：申瑞琪}

_{版权声明：本文版权归原作者所有，请勿以 编辑版本转载。如有侵犯您的权益请及时联系，我们将第一时间删除。}

_{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}