西安沣河（文教园段）湿地生态公园景观设计 | GVL怡境国际集团

主客共享的“大公园，微旅游”理念让那些花钱的市政景观项目，通过运营思维有了赚钱的可能。市政类项目可以满足市民的休闲需求，绿树成荫、花团锦簇，楼台亭阁，莺歌燕舞——这样的美景令人赏心悦目，一经面世定会让市民乐开了花儿。但如果仅停留于此，这样的笑容恐怕未必长久。如果没有收益，在经历一段运营期后，一些项目就会因为运维问题而难以持续展现当初的美景，从而陷入杂草重生，垃圾遍地的窘境。而由GVL怡境国际集团设计的西咸沣河生态湿地公园，将单一市政功能的公园变身为可持续运营的旅游景点，通过“大公园，微旅游”模式解决了这一难题。

^{With the idea of “big park and micro tourism”, it is possible to make many costly civil landscape projects profitable. Civil projects will meet citizens’ demands for relaxation. Green trees, colorful flowers, platforms, and pavilions as well as singing birds form a beautiful scene, which is sure to bring joy and happiness to the citizens upon completion. However, it’s far from enough. The problem is that, without proper operation and any earnings, the beautiful scene will not last long. And finally places will be overgrown with weeds and wastes and covered by wastes everywhere. Nevertheless, Xi’xianFeng River Wetland Park, which is designed by GVL Group, has been transformed into a sustainable tourism destination. The model of “big park and micro tourism” has solved the problem.}

^{▲公园鸟瞰图，bird-eye’s view of the park}

项目区位

Location

在西咸新区，一条20公里长的大西安新中心新轴线横贯南北，勾勒出未来城市新的功能与形象格局。而沣河作为贯穿西咸新区南部的主水脉，是西安文化古城与西咸国际新区的交界线，承载了自西周以来灿烂的历史文化遗产，也被寄望城市的未来。

^{In Xixian New District of Xi’an City, a 20km long new urban axis runs across the new city center from south to north, outlining the new future of the city. As the main river flows through the South of Xixian New District, Feng River is the boundary between Xi’an ancient city andXixian International New District, witnessing the splendid history of the city and embracing its beautiful future.}

^{▲项目区位分析，沣河作为主水脉贯穿西咸新区南部，location analysis, Feng River flows through the South of Xixian New District as the main river}

项目位于沣河西岸西宝高速至科技六路之间的滨河生态景观带，全长4公里，河岸平均宽度100米，占地面积约88万平方米，是进入西咸国际文化教育园的东部门户。

^{Located on the west coast of FengRiver, between Xi’an-Baoji Expressway and the No. 6 Keji Road， the site is about 4km long and 100m wide averagely, covering a total area of about 880,000 m2. It is the east entrance of Xixian International Cultural and Educational Park.}

^{▲项目区位分析图，location of the project}

设计缘起

Design Purpose

2014年8月，西咸文教园以国际化的城市设计指引建设，从一纸规划走向落地。14平方公里的生地上亟待展示区，为国际社区提供高端服务配套，吸引人流的同时营造招商环境。但单纯设计一个美丽、生态的公园，能够为城市新区建设带来何种能量？公园后期养护成本何以维持？是设计团队面临的问题。对此，怡境集团董事长彭涛带领设计团队多次赴现场，与建设方项目主要负责同志密切沟通，试图以运营思维推导设计，站在未来的角度思考项目定位。

怡境集团董事长彭涛认为，“设计团队面临的不仅仅是一个市政景观设计任务书，而是从整个西咸文教园区的运营来思考如何导入客群流量，为公园运营方提供财政反哺。”

^{August, 2014, Xixian Cultural and Educational Park was completed according to plan. The 14 sq.km park is in need of an exhibition zone to provide high-end services and attract consumers. However, what a beautiful and ecological park will bring to the new district, and how to realize its long-term maintenance? These problems have greatly challenged the design team. Therefore, the Chairman of GVL Group Peng Tao has led the design team to investigate on site and communicate with the people in charge for many times, trying to plan and design from the perspective of operation and future.}

^{As MrPeng Tao said, “It is not only an assignment of civil landscape design but also a task involving the future operation and maintenance. What we need to think is how to attract consumers and provide financial support for the long-term operation.”}

^{▲沣河（文教园区段）湿地生态公园总平面图，site plan of Feng River Wetland Park (Cultural and Educational Park part)}

为此，怡境设计团队提出市政项目的旅游逻辑：以“大公园，微旅游”的思路，将市政公园项目作为旅游目的地来考虑，既解决了城市双修问题，又解决了旅游产品的构建问题，同时还以“小生活，新模式”理念赋予了区域市民以新生活方式，最终得以实践西咸新区的“创新城市发展模式”。

^{Accordingly, GVL team has proposed to design and operate the project in the mode of tourism operation. With the idea of “big park and micro tourism”, the team has designed the civil park as a tourism destination. In addition, the idea of “micro life and new mode” has introduced a new lifestyle to the citizens, which finally benefits the “innovative urban development” of Xixian New District.}

^{▲公园鸟瞰图，植物空间、湿地空间和人行步道空间相互交融，bird-eye’s view of the park, the plants, wetlands and walk paths integrate into a whole}

01. 城市双修工程：以“古河道，新绿洲”实现城市双修

Urban Renovation: Renovate the urban area with the idea of “old watercourse and new oasis”

荡荡“八水绕长安”，历史上的“渭、灞、浐、泾、沣、滈、涝、潏”拥城泽地，在西安附近构筑成天然密集的水网系统，给长安带来了“陆海”（指湖泊和池沼较多）的美称。但此后“八水”遭受不同程度的侵扰，重构沣河及周边的生态环境，让沉寂的河道焕发新的生机迫在眉睫。

^{Surrounded by Wei River, Ba River, Chan River, Jing River, Feng River, Hao River, Lao River and Yu River, Chang’an, the ancient name of Xi’an City, was once called the “sea on the continent”. However, the eight rivers have been destroyed more or less since then. Reconstructing the eco system along Feng River and recovering the watercourse are very urgent.}

^{▲公园局部鸟瞰图，partial bird-eye’s view of the park}

候鸟栖息 | Migratory Birds Habitat

项目所在沣河段，还是全国三大候鸟迁徙路线之一的中部路线，场地中原有的滩涂湿地，每年十月至次年三月，将迎来多种候鸟栖息。

^{Feng River is on one of the three migration route of birds. The intertidal zone and wetland within the site are the habitat for migratory birds. Every year, the wetland will welcome different species of birds from October to March.}

^{▲候鸟栖息地设计概念图，design concept of the migratory birds habitat}

设计师利用雨水的滞蓄过程，设置环境友好的抛石围堰，创造更丰富的湿地系统，营造适合鸟类栖居的生境。而通过植物空间阻隔与人行流线引导，同时不干扰鸟类的活动。

^{To collect water, the designers have created a weir with ripraps to create an effective wetland system and a sound environment for the birds. Plants and walk paths are used to protect birds from any disturbance.}

^{▲候鸟栖息地，结合抛石围堰营造适合鸟类栖居的生境，the migratory birds habitat, creating a sound environment for the birds with a weir with ripraps}

^{▲候鸟栖息地，植物空间与人行步道保护鸟类的活动免受干扰，the migratory birds habitat, plants and walk paths are used to protect birds from any disturbance}

海绵城市 | Sponge City 

西咸新区沣西新城为全国首批海绵城市建设试点区，项目担当起文教园景观绿地系统实践海绵城市的试验点。海绵城市团队运用填-挖方技术，营造微地形形成天然海绵体，通过雨水花园、人工湿地、生态草沟、渗透池、蓄水模块等设计收集酸性雨水，地面选用会呼吸的环保材料，符合年径流总量控制率超过85%，雨水径流面源污染消减量大于60%，用水回用30%以上的技术要求，真正具有“弹性”和“可持续性”。

As one of the the pilot districts of Sponge City technology, Fengxi New Town of Xixian New District is an experimental site within the cultural and educational park. The Sponge City team has created a micro-topography by filling and excavating. Rainwater garden, artificial wetland, bio-swale, infiltrating pool and reservoir are designed to collect acid water. The ground is covered by breathable materials to ensure the annual flow, reduce the pollution of the rainwater, and recycle the waste water. All these measures ensure the flexibility and sustainability of the park.

^{▲海绵城市概念图，concept diagram of the sponge city}

^{▲公园局部，通过微地形、雨水花园、生态草沟等设计来实现海绵城市的概念，partial view of the park, realizing the idea of the sponge city by micro-topography, rainwater garden and bio-swale, etc.}

湿地净化体系图：湿地净化 | Wetland Purification System: Wetland Purification 

利用现状供水泵站每日排出的反清洗用水，设计梯级净化湿地/雨水花园，构建线性人工生态湿地，在超量雨水时由末端原规划的排涝泵站排出，达到水源的动态平衡，形成集科普性、参与性、观赏性为一体的湿地体验。

^{Making use of the drainage water from the supply pumping station, the team designed a stair-style rainwater garden and a linear artificial wetland. Excessive rainwater will be drained away to keep a balance of the water. It has created a wetland for education, participation and touring.}

^{▲湿地净化体系概念图，concept diagram of the wetland purification system}

02. 旅游产品构建：以“大公园，微旅游”构建产品体系

Creation of A Tourism Product: The idea of “big park and micro tourism” helps to establish a product system

“观光的草坪千篇一律”几乎成为城市公园建设的通病，“有趣的公园万里挑一”才是满足现代城市生活的要点。设计团队站在社会问题的角度审视设计，项目前期对西安各大公园开展实地调研，摸查市民的使用满意度，从中探寻有待设计解决的问题。同时，通过民意调查和大数据捕捉文教园潜在游客和未来居住人群的需求，以科学分析结合感性的认知进行功能梳理。调研发现，业态丰富、有创意、体验感强的公共开放空间是现代城市居民的主要诉求，人们更向往时间短、距离近的互动型和社交型旅游活动。

^{To design a park which is interesting and different from others is the key to meet the demands of modern city life. Before the design, the team has had a survey on the satisfaction of parks in Xi’an City, trying to find some solutions during the process. At the same time, the team predicted the requirements of the potential tourists and future residents according to the survey and big data, and then defined the functions. According to the investigation, public spaces which are multifunctional, creative and rich in experiences are popular with modern citizens. Modern people prefer to participate in nearby and social-type tourism activities.}

^{▲公园局部鸟瞰图，一个业态丰富、有创意、体验感强的公共开放空间，partial bird-eye’s view of the park with public spaces that are multifunctional, creative and rich in experiences}

植物迷宫 | Plants Labyrinth

迷宫图案抽取西周青铜器云纹和雷纹，圆形与方形的连续构图，象征对大自然的崇敬。

^{Labyrinth pattern is inspired by bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Circular and square patterns show respect to nature.}

^{▲公园局部，云纹和雷纹的植物迷宫采用圆形与方形的连续构图，partial view of the park, the plants labyrinth uses circular and square patterns, inspired by bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty}

^{▲从高点的观景台看植物迷宫，viewing the plants labyrinth from the high spot of the platform}

地形起伏的花田 | The Rolling Flower Field

地形起伏的花田，通过流线组织出高点俯视、身在其中、豁然开朗的多重体验。

^{The rolling flower field provides multi-experiences from different perspectives.}

^{▲公园中起伏的草坪绿地，the rolling grassland in the park}

^{▲公园中的黄色花田，the yellow flower field in the park}

^{▲置身于地形起伏的紫色花田中，putting oneself in the rolling purple flower field}

^{▲流线组织出高点，俯视花田，overlooking the flower fields at the high spot organized by the circulation}

游乐场：探索性游戏空间 | The Playground: A Place Encourages Children To Experience And Explore

设计尊重河堤外场地的高差，将游乐场设计成一个探索性游戏空间，让孩子充分发挥想象力去探索趣味。

^{The design has taken advantage of the height differences out of the embankment and designed a playground which will encourage children to experience and explore.}

^{▲公园局部鸟瞰图，色彩斑斓的游乐场空间，partial bird-eye’s view of the park, the playground area is rich in color}

^{▲游乐场空间，利用河堤外场地的高差设置，the playground space designed by taking advantage of the height differences out of the embankment}

^{▲游乐场局部，一个探索性游戏空间，partial view of the playground space that encourages children to experience and explore}

^{▲孩子们在游乐场上玩耍，children are playing on the playground space}

03.精致生活赋能：以“小生活，新模式”赋能精致生活

^{Boutique Life: The idea of “simple life and new mode” contributes to a boutique life}

西咸文教园是集健康、休闲、文化、生态、服务于一体的高端国际社区。为满足高知客群对生活品质、学习教育、自我价值的追求，项目建筑团队设计了与环境高度融合的精品建筑，营造轻松的氛围，形成多场景的交流场所；以运营的思维策划全年全龄的活动，打造最强的归属感的社区情感联系。

^{Xixian Cultural and Educational Park is high-end international community integrating healthcare, recreation, culture, ecology and service. To meet the demands for high-quality life, education and self-worth, the architectural design team has created a boutique building which is in perfect harmony with the surroundings. Relaxing atmosphere and varied communication spaces will satisfy people of different ages all year round. It will strengthen the bond between the citizens and the community.}

24驿布点计划 | 24-hour Service Station 

沣河活力廊道作为交通大动脉，以500米服务半径设置24驿，智能服务系统联系大西安旅游。

^{Along the main road, “Feng River corridor”, 24-hour service stations are built to serve a radius of 500 meters. The intelligent service system is connected with the Xi’an Tourism system.}

^{▲24驿站设计概念，concept of the 24-hour service station}

这里同样欢迎远到而来的客人，在公园里的房车、帐篷营地即可24小时体验生态户外的野趣。

^{The Wetland Park welcomes tourists from afar with the caravan and tent camp which allows people to have colorful outdoor experience at any time.}

^{▲沣河湿地生态公园房车、帐篷营地区，the caravan and tent camp area}

为最大程度融入生态、自然场域，建筑团队以现代手法，呼应山、水的形象，使用简洁的体块让虚实空间在此交融，为高知客群提供智慧型社交场所。能量补给站，兼具加油、超市、公共洗手间、餐厅、便民警务室等功能。另外，考虑到现代城市人的娱乐诉求，设计师对公园场地进行弹性设计，预留出足够的空间为音乐节等活动提供场地。父母的周末是孩子们的专属时间，同时也是家庭之间的社交时间。在简约、时尚的咖啡厅，感受生活在当下的无限美好。

^{To keep in harmony with the surroundings, the architectural design team have created simple and elegant blocks by modern skills, which provide people with intelligent social spaces. The buildings house petrol station, supermarket, bathroom, restaurant and police office. What’s more, to meet people’s desire for entertainment, the team insists on flexible design and sets aside enough spaces for activities like music festival. Weekends are the happy time for parents and children as well as for family reunion. Elegant and fashionablecaféhouse will allow people to enjoy beautiful life.}

^{▲公园局部，将步道和建筑体量融入生态和自然场域，partial view of the park, the walk paths and blocks keep in harmony with the surroundings}

^{▲公园局部，简洁的体块让虚实空间交融，partial view of the park, simple and elegant blocks merge into the surroundings, integrating the solid and void spaces}

^{▲公园建筑内部，interior view of the blocks in the park}

结语 Epilogue

“蒹葭苍苍,白露为霜。所谓伊人,在水一方。溯洄从之,道阻且长;溯游从之,宛在水中央。”——选自《诗经》《国风·秦风·蒹葭》篇，而《诗经》的开篇即诞生在沣河。

^{“The reeds on the riverside are bluish green, white dews of deep autumn condense into frost. My lover,I miss you day and night. You just stand on the other shore of river water“. The beautiful poem is quoted from Shih Ching (The Book of Songs in ancient China), which just describes the beautiful image along Feng River.}

^{▲公园局部，partial view of the park}

^{▲公园局部，步道旁设有休息空间，partial view of the park, arranging seating area beside the walk paths}

将市政项目落地成为旅游景点，是GVL怡境国际集团在城市新区建设中，把思路从景观设计任务中抽离出来，联合业主单位深入探索的新模式，期望在经年之后，沣河湿地生态公园依然能够保持“在河之洲，伊人依旧”的美好生活景象。沣河生态湿地公园里丰富的季节体验，让人们收获了一年四季的快乐。

^{Transforming a simple civil project into a tourism destination is a new mode proposed and created by GVL Group and the developer. We really hope that Feng River Wetland Park remains to be a beautiful destination many years later. Feng River Wetland Park provides colorful experiences in four seasons.}

^{▲沣河生态湿地公园的春夏秋冬，four seasons of the Feng River Wetland Park}

^{项目名称：沣河（文教园段）湿地生态公园}

^{委托单位：陕西西咸文化旅游产业集团有限公司}

^{项目类型：城市开放空间}

^{项目面积：882053平方米}

^{设计时间：2016~2017年}

^{竣工时间：2019年}

^{旅游规划设计：彭涛、刘刚、吴翠平、罗许烁、马洁、李烜钊、高雁、陈涛、王彦君、刘志勇、孙志强、曹阳、孟灿、马春华、陈月玲、龚楚瑶、兰宇虹、吴冰、杨东、吕瑞芬}

^{海绵城市设计：闾邱杰、周广森、曹景怡、关晓芬}

^{环境建筑设计：刘治平、潘庆文、陈弈妤}

^{景观设计：GVL怡境国际集团}

^{Project: Feng River Wetland Environmental Design:}

^{Client: Shaanxi Xixian Cultural Tourism Industry Group Co.,Ltd.}

^{Category: Urban Open Space}

^{Area:882,053 m2}

^{Year of Design:2016~2017}

^{Year of Completion: 2019}

^{Tourism Planning and Design:Peng Tao, Liu Gang, Wu Cuiping, LuoXushuo, Ma Jie, Li Xuanzhao, Gao Yan, Chen Tao, Wang Yanjun, Liu Zhiyong, Sun Zhiqiang, Cao Yang, Meng Chan, Ma Chunhua, Chen Yueling, Gong Chuyao, LanYuhong, Wu Bing, Yang Dong, LvRuifen}

^{Sponge City Design:LvQiujie, Zhou Guangsen, Cao Jingyi, Guan Xiaofen}

^{Architectural Design: Liu Zhi Ping, Pan Qingwen, Chen Yiyu}

^{Landscape Design: GVL Group}

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