西班牙犹太人广场遗址景观改造设计 | el fabricante de espheras

犹太教堂广场位于西班牙翁达市历史中心区，作为伊斯兰时期（s.XI-sXII）的重要文化遗产，于1967年被正式列入遗产名录。它位于中世纪老城区的一处地形复杂的空地，靠近中世纪阿拉伯宫殿和基督教堂遗址。历史上这里曾是社交聚会的空间，后又曾作为农业用地和校园操场。近几十年来，广场的功能仅限于停车场，致使空间品质受损。2016年的一次考古发掘，让埋藏在地下5米深处的中世纪石砌夯土围墙，以及部分残留的阶梯和拱形壁柱重现天日，这成为启动城市更新和遗产保护项目的契机。

The project is an urban regeneration and heritage intervention, located in the Historical City Center of Onda, from de Islamic period (s.XI-sXII) declared as a Monument of Significant Cultural Interest with the Monument category in 1967. The square is a void in the medieval city, in a topographic area, close to the archaeological rests of arabic medieval palaces and the Chistian Church. This square was a social meeting space in the past, for agriculture uses or as a playground of a children’s school. But in the last decades was used only as a parking lot, degradating the quality of the space. In 2016, during an archeological research, an enclosure of medieval rammed earth walls reinforced with stones and the rests of a stair and pilasters of arches were discovered 5 meters deep in the ground.

▼ 项目概览

Project overview © Milena Villalba

▼位于翁达城市历史中心区的遗迹

A monument in the Historical City Center of Onda ©Milena Villalba

考古发现，广场上曾有一处15米见方的围合空间，中央是一艘安达卢西亚木筏，四周有1.4米厚的石墙。13-14世纪的医院骑士团统治时期，人们还在这里建造了与周边民居或宗教建筑相连接的四排石拱门和一座哥特式阶梯。本案希望帮助周边人口显著减少的社区恢复吸引力和公共生活，将考古遗址与广场的其他部分相融合，重新建立与街道的交通联系，毕竟在多年的考古发掘过程中，这里是一座封闭的孤岛。

In the archaeological site were discovered the remains of a large space 15x15 meters size, from an Andalusian raft of the 12th Century surrounded by 1,40 meters thick walls. This space was reused during the 13-14th Century, during the Hospital Christian Order time, building 4 lines of stone arches and a Gothic staircase from a civil or religious building. The aim of the intervention is to recover the interest and urban life of the neighborhood with an evident depopulation, from the reintegration of the archaeological site to the rest of the square and restoring the connexions to the streets that were lost during years in the archaeological works.

▼中世纪遗留下的夯土围墙、楼梯和拱形壁柱

An enclosure of medieval rammed earth walls, the rests of a stair and pilasters of arches © Milena Villalba 

▼考古平面图

Archeology plan © el fabricante de espheras

在与当地居民和社区举办讨论会的过程中，设计团队不断调整设计方案，以满足各种特殊需求，如残障人士、小微企业、便捷通道，以及会议和儿童玩耍空间等。

The design was adjusted through different meetings with neighbors and residents of the neighborhood, to adapt to the different particularities: people with reduced mobility, small businesses, preferential routes, needs of meeting and play spaces.

▼设计平面图

Intervention plan © el fabricante de espheras

▼剖面图

Section © el fabricante de espheras

设计团队希望用包容性设计来提升社区居民的生活质量。他们尝试将不同高差的场地连接起来，并使用防滑石砖铺地，既安全又与传统的铺装风格相协调。在解决与街道的连接问题时，设计团队采用了平缓的坡道和低矮的台阶，以便于老年人日常使用，如去买面包、去教堂礼拜，或去学校接送孩子等。

The project was designed from an inclusive perspective, to improve the quality of life of people in the neighborhood. The project tries to reconnect the different levels of the place, building a floor with a continuous paving of anti-slipping stone as an adaptation of the traditional paving system. The connections with the streets are solved with soft ramps and with stairs of small height, to facilitate the daily displacements of the elderly people...to go to the oven, to the Church or to take the children to school. 

▼防滑石地面与传统铺装风格相协调

A floor with a continuous paving of anti-slipping stone as an adaptation of the traditional paving system © Milena Villalba 

▼舒缓的坡道和阶梯便于老人使用

Soft ramps and with stairs of small height, to facilitate the daily displacements of the elderly people © Milena Villalba 

▼顺应地形变化的平台和阶梯

Wooden platform adapted to the natural topography with steps © Milena Villalba 

位于广场一侧的瓦伦西亚大街历史悠久，然而自从考古发掘启动以来，它与古城中心区的交通联系就中断了。为了复兴这条历史廊道，设计团队顺应地形设置了一座有台阶的木制平台，飞跨于考古遗址之上，成为与街道相衔接的公共空间。漂浮平台的木板选自非洲黄金木，经人工定位铺装嵌入钢制框架中，根据场地不同的高差而灵活调整。平台上轻巧交错的台阶成为人们的休憩闲聊之地。此外，木材料的运用也为这个微型城市空间增添了一份可触摸的亲切感。

The historical Valencia Street had been lost when the archaeological area was opened up and disconnected from the historical center. A large wooden platform that adapts to the natural topography with steps, recovers this historic access road. The floating plaza is a continuity of the public space of the surrounding streets, which overflies the archaeological space. A floating pavement of iroko wood slats, with details of handcrafted placement, on a steel structure that allows it to adapt to the topography, through a gentle staggering of small steps to sit and chat. An urban space made of wood, friendly, that promotes the tactile sensation of small scale in urban spaces.

▼下沉的考古遗址成为儿童玩耍的空间

The archaeology site turns into play spaces for children © Milena Villalba

▼调整后的步行环境与线路

Adjusted pedestrian environment and preferential routes © Milena Villalba 

▼ 亲切宜人的微型城市空间

Tactile sensation of small scale in urban spaces © Milena Villalba 

▼施工过程

Construction process © Milena Villalba 

▼翁达城市平面图

Onda's plan © el fabricante de espheras

▼场地平面图

Location plan © el fabricante de espheras

▼地下平面图

Basement © el fabricante de espheras

_{项目基本信息}

_{项目名称: 翁达历史中心区的犹太人广场}

_{发起方: el fabricante de espheras, Grupo Aranea, Cel-Ras Arquitectura  建筑师: Pasqual Herrero Vicent, Francisco Leiva Ivorra, Juan Miguel Gil García, Fernando Navarro Carmona, Eduardo J. Solaz Fuster, Mª Amparo Sebastiá Esteve} 

_{合作建筑师：Andrés Llopis Pérez, Jorge Juan Roy Pérez, María Pitarch Roig, Anna Morro Peña, Víctor Muñoz Macián, Yasmina Juan Osa, Francisco Piñó Alcaide, Andrea Gargallo Manota} 

_{结构工程师：Alejandro Doménech Monforte}

_{农业工程师：Marta García Chico}

_{建筑工程师：José Luis Carratalà Rico, Guillem García Martí, Sara Juanes Herrera, Elisa García Capilla}

_{摄影：Milena Villalba}

_{建设年份: 2018-2020  项目尺寸: 1.029m2}

_{预算：455.350,88€}

_{Project: Plaza de la Sinagoga en el centro histórico de Onda/Synagogue Square in the historic center of Onda} 

_{Authors: el fabricante de espheras, Grupo Aranea, Cel-Ras Arquitectura}

_{Project Architects: Pasqual Herrero Vicent, Francisco Leiva Ivorra, Juan Miguel Gil García, Fernando Navarro Carmona, Eduardo J. Solaz Fuster, Mª Amparo Sebastiá Esteve} 

_{Collaborator Architects: Andrés Llopis Pérez, Jorge Juan Roy Pérez, María Pitarch Roig, Anna Morro Peña, Víctor Muñoz Macián, Yasmina Juan Osa, Francisco Piñó Alcaide, Andrea Gargallo Manota} 

_{Structures Engineer: Alejandro Doménech Monforte} 

_{Agricultural Engineer: Marta García Chico} 

_{Building Engineer: José Luis Carratalà Rico, Guillem García Martí, Sara Juanes Herrera, Elisa García Capilla}

_{Photographer: Milena Villalba}

_{Project-construction year: 2018-2020} 

_{Area: 1.029m2} 

_{Budget: 455.350,88€}

_{编译：申瑞琪}

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_{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}