巴塞罗那格拉夫垃圾填埋场景观修复 | Batlleiroig

▼新型农业景观

A new agricultural landscape ©Jordi Surroca

昔日的垃圾填埋场逐步恢复生命力，场地的地形、水文和植被形成了新的农业景观。

The progressive recovery of life in the old landfill, configuring a new agricultural landscape through topography, hydrology and vegetation.

▼如今的垃圾填埋场

Nowadays deposit  ©Jordi Surroca

此次垃圾填埋场的景观修复实践整合了此类干预项目的两个基本目标：解决复杂的技术难题以及定义新的景观。除此之外，该方案中还包含了第三个目标——即将场地作为格拉夫自然公园内新的自由空间。

The landscape restoration of this landfill combines in a single operation the two basic objectives that this type of intervention requires: solving a complex technical problem and defining a new landscape. Even so, the proposal incorporates a third objective by proposing this site as a new free access space in the Garraf Natural Park.

▼格拉夫自然公园的新空间

A new free access space in the Garraf Natural Park ©Jordi Surroca

瓦尔·登·琼（Vall d’en Joan）垃圾填埋场位于Baix Llobregat地区Begues 与 Gavá市的格拉夫自然公园内。该垃圾填埋场的历史可以追溯到1974年，那时巴塞罗那和大都会区的大多数城市垃圾都填埋在这里。如今，该场地占地60公顷，其中20公顷的填埋场已经关停或修复。

The Vall d’en Joan deposit is located in the Garraf Natural Park within the municipalities of Begues and Gavá in the Baix Llobregat region. The beginning of the exploitation of the deposit dates from the year 1974 with the dumping since then of most of the urban waste of Barcelona and the municipalities of its metropolitan area. At present, it occupies an area of 60 hectares of which 20 hectares have already been restored from the closure and restoration project presented here.

▼穿越整个场地的小路

A path that will run through the entire restored space ©Jordi Surroca

关停和修复项目从景观理念发展而来：创造一个农业梯田景观综合体。对农业领域的借鉴为该项目创造了三个优势：

格拉夫山脉的其他部分为耕地山谷，因此将垃圾填埋场改造为农业景观，意味着可以将其按人们熟悉的方式结合在一起。

农业技术如地形改造、水利控制以及农作物开发，与恢复填埋地所必须的技术间有许多相似之处。农业在我们的土地上所创造出的极具吸引力的景象，使我们认识到在许多情况下，恢复土地生产性的使用方式是新地块规划的最佳解决方案。

The closure and restoration project has been developed from a landscape idea: to create a landscape of agricultural terraces that unifies the whole complex. The reference to the agricultural world offered us three important advantages:

In other parts of the Garraf massif there are cultivated valleys, so transforming the deposit into an agricultural landscape implied integrating it with the same instruments that man has already used.

The agricultural techniques of topographic modification, water control, and crop development had many similarities with the technical needs that had to be resolved in the clause and restoration of this deposit.

The personal fascination for the images that agriculture has created on our territories leads us to think on many occasions that their use is the best solution for the planning of new places.

▼多种地形景观

Various topographic shape of the terraces ©Jordi Surroca

移栽的植物选用了本地的高抗品种，它们对水分需求少并且能很好地适应环境。植物栽种形式与梯田台地的多种地形结合了起来，比如田地、坡地、排水沟和道路，还栽种了本土豆科作物、多种乔木和灌木种类，以及典型的地中海马基群落（耐寒常绿灌木和小乔木组成的茂密的灌木植被,常见于地中海沿海地区）。

The vegetation implantation process is carried out from highly resistant native species, with few water needs and adapted to the environment. The plantation is organized into plant structures linked to the topographic shape of the terraces –fields, slopes, drains, and roads– using autochthonous legume crops, various tree and shrub species, and species typical of the Mediterranean maquis.

▼冬日景色

Scenes of winter ©Jordi Surroca

各种梯田地形的构造使得铺设一条穿越整个修复场地的小路成为可能。这条路穿过不同的田地，一路延伸至高处并贯穿了多种台地。参观者可以沿路一直攀登到园区的高处，同时这也是格拉夫自然公园的景观观赏之路。此外，这条路还满足了维修车辆的通行需求。

The formalization of the various terraces has made it possible to establish a path that will run through the entire restored space, crossing the different fields and going up through the various terraces. This path allows you to visit the place connecting in its upper part with a landscape itinerary of the Garraf Natural Park. At the same time, this road allows the passage of the necessary maintenance vehicles.

▼项目平面图

Project plan © batlleiroig

^项目信息

^{项目名称：巴塞罗那格拉夫垃圾填埋场景观修复}

^{委托方：巴塞罗那大都会区、巴塞罗那省议会、大都会水利服务和废物处理机构}

^{项目规模：722.321m²}

^{起始时间：2000年}

^{项目地址：巴塞罗那格拉夫} 

^设计方：

^{建筑：Batlleiroig Arquitectura. Enric Batlle Durany, Joan Roig i Duran} 

^{农业工程：Teresa Galí-Izard}

^{设计团队：}

^{建筑：Mario Súñer Díaz, Xavier Ramoneda, Jordi Nebot, Clara Terradellas Rosell          农业工程和环境保护：Yago Cavaller Galí} 

^{农业工程和景观设计：Elena Mostazo, Dolors Feu}

^{图片版权： Jordi Surroca (http://www.instagram.com/jordisurrocabcn)}

^{视频版权：Jordi Surroca + Xose Cazes}

^{项目奖项：2014第八届罗莎•芭芭国际景观奖}

^{Project name：Landscape restoration of the Garraf Controlled Waste Landfill in Barcelona}

^{Client: AMB – Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona, Diputació de Barcelona, Entitat Metropolitana de Serveis Hidràulics i Tractament de Residus}

^{Authors: Batlleiroig Arquitectura. Enric Batlle Durany, Joan Roig i Duran – Architect/ Teresa Galí-Izard – Agricultural engineer} 

^{Team: Mario Súñer Díaz, Xavier Ramoneda, Jordi Nebot, Clara Terradellas Rosell – Architect / Yago Cavaller Galí – Agricultural engineer and environmentalist / Elena Mostazo, Dolors Feu – Agricultural engineer and landscape architect}

^{Collaborators: Proser – Engineering, Geocisa – Geotechnics and foundations, RDS – Engineering}

^{Builder: Urbaser, FCC – Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, Cepsa, Comsa, Emte}

^{Area: 722.321 m²}

^{Start date: 2000}

^{Location: El Garraf, Barcelona}

^{Photo credits: Jordi Surroca (http://www.instagram.com/jordisurrocabcn)}

^{Video credits: Jordi Surroca + Xose Cazes}

^{翻译：张梦斐}

^{校对：唐瑜}

^{版权声明：本文版权归原作者所有，请勿以 编辑版本转载。如有侵犯您的权益请及时联系，我们将第一时间删除。}

^{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

^{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}