上海嘉定微型街区景观设计 | 非常建筑FCJZ

更具体的问题是：一个街区能有多小？

我们认识到：密度、比例和功能决定了一个街区的大小。由街道划分的街区是城市肌理的一部分。

^{When Atelier FCJZ was given the opportunity to design an office park outside of Shanghai in the satellite town of Jiading, the Industry 4.0 Demonstration Base, we defined the challenge as following:The bigger questions: An office park is typically suburban, can we turn it more urban? What are the qualities of urban space? How to make the people use and enjoy them more?}

^{Furthermore, we focused on one specific question:How small can a block be?}

^{The size of a block is determined by density, scale, and program. A block is part of the urban fabric and defined by streets.}

在我们提出的总体规划中，通过低层数 (4层)，高密度（平均总体规划容积率1.2 /街区容积率2）平铺和混合功能，来提高城市的便捷性：这些建筑主要为高科技公司办公，一层为公共/商业设施，居住部分（由于中国的功能分区法规中要求工业园内只能有租赁公寓和酒店，而不能有公寓）在顶层。

^{In the master plan we propose, urban accessibility is improved by a low-rise (4 stories) high density (average master plan FAR 1.2 / block FAR 2) carpet and mixed programs: Mainly offices for high-tech companies with public/ commercial facilities on the street level and some residential elements (rental apartments and hotels but not condominiums due to Chinese zoning regulation) on the top floor.}

^{The primary urban space here is the street, which is 10 meters wide and spatially defined by the 3-meter wide covered walkways on the ground level of the buildings on both sides. As the project is situated in the southern Yangtze River region, covered walkways protect pedestrians from long rainy season and excessive sun in the summer.}

^{After considering the facts that each company will own the building up to 4,000 square meters, retail outlets and eateries would desire corner locations, walk-ability and connectivity between blocks, and more building-street interface in general, we set the block size at 41.2 x 41.2 meters.}

其他重要的维度:

网格：街道中心之间相距大约为50米x 50米。

街区/建筑模数：将41.2米分解为5个8米的柱距，两端再各有0.6米用于建筑外立面处理。41.2 x 41.2米也符合每座建筑4000平方米的容积率，该面积允许若干小公司或一家大公司占用一个街区。这是一个单栋建筑的街区。虽然所有的建筑大小相似，但每个建筑的平面和立面设计都不同，这使得此开发项目能够满足不同企业的空间和身份的需求，并丰富了城市空间的体验。

Other important dimensions:

^{Grid: Approximately 50 meters x 50 meters from street center to street center.}

^{Block/Building module: 41.2 meters break down to 5 x 8-meter column-to-column bays plus 0.6 meter on each end for potential architectural articulation of facade. 41.2 x 41.2 meter meets the floor area ratio of 4,000 square meters per block thus to allow a block to be occupied by a number of small firms or one large company. It is a single-building block. While all the buildings are of similar sizes, each one is designed differently in terms of floor plans and elevations, which allows the development to meet the varied space as well as identity needs of the businesses and enriches the experience in the urban spaces.} 

最早建成的4个街区：当我们开始第一组4个街区的建筑设计时，我们首先布置了一系列公共功能，比如会议中心和酒店，其面积需求构成一栋8层的建筑。为了忠实于我们的总体规划，我们设计了两组独立的建筑：一组是四栋地面上4层的街区建筑；另一组是4层的环形建筑，“漂浮”在街区建筑之上。

这说明，微型街区有可能实现更高的密度。

非常建筑设计了22栋街区建筑。

41.2街区与典型的500米以上街区截然相反（超大街区可达到800x800米），它是一个微型街区。

^{First 4 blocks: When we started the architectural design of the first four blocks, we were asked to facilitate a number of public functions, such as a convention center and a hotel, which result in a 8-story buildings. To be true to our master plan, we designed two separate pieces of architecture: One is four 4-story block-buildings on the ground; another is 4-story continuous loop-building that “floats” on the top of the blocks.This is an indication that the mini block may work for a higher density.}

^{There are 22 block-buildings designed by FCJZ.}

^{The 41.2 block is the antithesis of the typical 500-meter and up mega block (Super mega block would go up to 800x800 meters). It's the Mini Block.}

建筑围护结构：

二楼及以上的楼层不允许退红线，这也是设计导则中规定的。

设计过程:

在中国，通常的控制性规划没有定义建筑物的具体位置和形状，因此无法控制城市空间的质量。我们制定了介于总体规划和建筑设计之间的一套设计导则，作为规划实施的重要工具。因此，其他参与该项目的设计院/事务所也都必须遵循这一设计导则。

^{Building envelope:}

^{Setback is not permitted from the second floor and up, also as specified in the design guidelines.}

^{The design process:}

^{The conventional master plan for control in China does not define the specific locations and configurations of buildings and as a result it does not control the quality of urban spaces. We developed design guidelines between the stages of master plan design and architectural design as a critical tool for implementation. Therefore, other design institutes/offices participating in the project have all followed the design guidelines.}