塞浦路斯尼克西亚自由广场景观设计 | 扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所

▼项目鸟瞰 

Bird’s eye  view of the project © Laurian Ghinitoiu

▼项目周边的城市环境 

Urban context of the project © Laurian Ghinitoiu

扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所（ZHA）的设计让自由广场成为城区最主要的社交场地，通过创造新的连接将分割的首都重新整合。塞浦路斯首都尼克西亚拥有巨大规模的威尼斯共和国时期的碉堡。这些碉堡将老城和新区分离开来。与此同时， 城内的“绿线”也将首都分裂成两块区域。

Establishing Eleftheria Square as the city’s primary gathering space, Zaha Hadid Architects’ (ZHA) design creates new connections intended to unite a divided capital. Nicosia’s massive Venetian fortifications separate the old city from its modern districts, while the city’s ‘Green Line’ divides the capital into two disparate communities. 

▼设计概念图 

Conceptual Design Diagrams © Zaha Hadid Architects

自由广场靠近尼克西亚的中心区域，毗邻威尼斯共和国时期的城墙以及绕城而建、已干涸的护城河。这些城墙始建于中世纪，在16世纪时被威尼斯人大规模重建。厚重的护城墙划定出尼克西亚老城的边界，将其与墙外的新城分隔开。

Located near the centre of Nicosia, Eleftheria Square is adjacent to the Venetian Walls and the dry moat that encircles the city. Constructed in the Middle Ages and extensively rebuilt by the Venetians in the 16th century, these substantial defensive walls define the boundary of the oldest part of the capital, dividing the ancient city from the new districts outside the walls. 

▼设计图纸 

Design Drawing © Zaha Hadid Architects

ZHA将自由广场视为更宏大的城市规划的初始阶段，该阶段的设计将成为重新整合尼克西亚的催化剂。设计确保了威尼斯城墙依旧一览无余，并使其成为尼克西亚城市身份的一大重要标志。于此同时，干涸的护城河区也将被改造成一个绕城环形公园，并对公众开放。

ZHA envisioned Eleftheira Square as the initial phase of a much larger urban plan that could be a catalyst for the reunification of the capital. The design ensures unobstructed views of the Venetian Walls, establishing these fortifications as an integral part of Nicosia’s identity, while also opening the dry moat for public use to create an orbital park that surrounds the city. 

▼绿色纽带

Green belt © K.Arkatites & Laurian Ghinitoiu 

护城河中之前无法接近的区域被改造成了新的市民广场、公园以及棕榈树大道，从而使护城河转变成环绕城市的“绿色纽带”。ZHA还提议将这些护城河中新的公共空间沿古城墙延伸，环绕尼克西亚，以便将首都分裂的的各个区域重新连接起来。

Transforming previously inaccessible areas of the moat with new civic plazas, gardens and palm-lined promenades, the moat can become a ‘green belt’ around the city. ZHA’s design proposes these new public spaces within the moat are extended to follow the ancient city walls and encircle Nicosia, reconnecting communities of this divided capital. 

▼融入城市肌理的桥梁

The bridge blends in the urban fabrics © Laurian Ghinitoiu

自由广场的设计将护城河的地形提高，使得新建的上层桥梁可以通往周边街景，与城市肌理建立起直接联系，并塑造出首都心脏地带的新公共空间。

The Eleftheria Square design elevates the topography of the moat to create an upper level bridge that meets the surrounding streetscape, establishing direct connections with the city’s urban fabric and defining a new public square in the heart of the capital. 

▼娱乐休憩设施

Recreational features © Laurian Ghinitoiu

护城河转变为新的城市公园之后，设计团队通过三角分割古碉堡的不规则形状的方式，重现了护城河流动的几何形态，从而依此确定出新公园中的“焦点”，并在这些地方放置了座椅、花池和水景。

Transformed into an urban park, the moat’s fluid geometries have been created through the process of triangulating the irregular forms of the ancient fortifications to establish points of ‘intensity’ that define seating, flowerbeds or water features within the new park.

▼设计的材质性

The textuality of the design © Laurian Ghinitoiu

护城河的花岗岩铺装展现出一种不朽的坚实。花岗岩板之间开放的结合处形成一个无动力的雨水排放系统，使种植在护城河中的树木可以自然地平衡地下水位，减轻对中世纪城墙强基的侵蚀。

The moat’s granite paving conveys a timeless solidity, while open joints between the granite slabs create a passive rainwater drainage system that allows the new trees planted within the moat to naturally balance groundwater levels and reduce erosion of the medieval walls’ foundations.

▼设计结构和它的功能性

The structure of the design and its functionality © K.Arkatites & Laurian Ghinitoiu 

自由广场作为尼克西亚最大的公共广场，可用作举办节日庆祝和公共活动的场地。它的上层桥梁和支撑柱以混凝土打造，其雕塑般的形态保证了结构强度，这在地震多发国家极其重要。每根柱子的底部也被设计成了座椅。

广场的改造涉及到大规模的考古挖掘，以及对具有历史意义的威尼斯城墙的修护。广场的开发还包括了场地内的2个咖啡馆，入口设置在Omirou大道上的新地下停车场，以及能直达Solomos广场公交站的楼梯和电梯。

As the largest civic plaza in Nicosia, Eleftheira Square has been designed to host festivals and public events; its upper level bridge and supporting columns are crafted in concrete, their sculptural forms ensure structural integrity in this seismic region and the base of each column morphs into seating.

The renovation of the square involved extensive archaeological excavations together with works to repair and protect the historic Venetian Walls. The redevelopment also includes two cafes within the square and the new underground parking lot with access ramp on Omirou Avenue. Stairs and elevators directly connect with the bus terminal in Solomos Square. 

▼设计试图融入老城的历史

The attempt to weave the history of the ancient city into the design © Laurian Ghinitoiu

ZHA对自由广场的改造将尼克西亚丰富的历史和对未来坚定的信念编织在一起。通过将城墙和护城河连接在一起，广场成为一个通往老城区的重要门户。新地下停车场将车辆移出老城的街道，从而进一步鼓励步行，提升历史街区的城市空间。此外，新建的公共花园和广场也可供市民和游客享受。  

ZHA’s transformation of Eleftheria Square weaves together Nicosia’s rich history with an unwavering optimism for the future. Bridging the Venetian Wall and moat, the square becomes an important gateway to the old city, its underground parking removing cars from the ancient city’s streets to enable further pedestrianisation that enhances the urban realm of this historic district while also creating new public gardens and plazas to be enjoyed by residents and visitors to the city.

^项目信息

^{项目名称： Eleftheria广场}

^{项目地点： 塞浦路斯尼克西亚}

^{设计公司： 扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所} 

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_{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}