莫斯科Tsarskaya ploschad住宅综合体开发景观设计 | Wowhaus Bureau

Tsarskaya ploschad住宅综合体项目由三个相对封闭的街区组成，包括几栋多层建筑物和一幢独栋21层建筑物。该项目因规划范围囊括了历史文化遗址而受到广泛关注，这也是项目的一大亮点。规划团队首先修复了坐落在场地原址上的少先队体育场建筑遗址。

设计任务：打造新型的庭院景观，同时为住宅综合体及相邻住宅的居民创建具有吸引力的公共空间。

设计手法：保护文化遗址，并将其纳入空间整体规划之中，将庭院改造为绿色花园，为全年龄段的人群提供丰富多样的基础设施。

开发区域的体块及空间组成，根据其可达性明确区分为几种不同类型的空间：私人庭院，带有儿童活动场与体育运动区的开放式林荫大道，以及沙皇馆前的广场。

建筑物之间的步行道上装点着有枫树的种植池。道路上铺设了镶花图案的大瓷砖，在视觉上统一了住宅综合体的外部空间。步行道的中心部分以弗兰德砖铺装来突出展示。

The Tsarskaya ploschad residential complex consists of three closed blocks with a varying number of storyes and a separately standing 21-storey building. Its territory is remarkable for including historical and cultural heritage objects, which we wanted to highlight in our project. We restored the fragments of the Young Pioneers stadium, which was located on the site of the complex. 

Task: to create a new type of a yard, one that would become an appealing public space both for the residents of this residential complex and the neighbouring houses.

Solution: to preserve the cultural heritage objects and to incorporate them into the general composition of the space, transforming the yard into a green garden with a generous and complex infrastructure available to all age groups. 

The volumetric and spatial composition of the development area clearly distinguishes among several types of spaces based on their accessibility: private yards, open boulevards with a kids’ playground and a sports zone, as well as a piazza in front of the Tsar Pavilion.  

Along the pedestrian boulevards in between the buildings there are alleys with maple trees in planter boxes. The roads are paved with large tiles with a parquet pattern, which unites visually the outside spaces of the complex. The central parts of the alley are highlighted by the inlaid Flemish brick. 

▼建筑物间的步行道上装点着有枫树的种植池

Along the pedestrian boulevards in between the buildings, there are alleys with maple trees in planter boxes. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

该项目的一大亮点在于如何对待文化遗址：经团队修复过的文化遗址塑造出住宅综合体的整体形象，使其变得独一无二。因此，我们将两个时代的标志性建筑纳入项目整体规划之中，一是可追溯到亚历山大三世时期的沙皇馆，另一处是1934年开放的少先队体育场遗址。

沙皇馆建于1882年，为庆祝第十五届俄罗斯工业艺术展而筑造，沙皇亚历山大三世也曾参展。修缮后的展览馆的周边广场是该区域的主要公共空间。不仅住宅综合体的居民，其余大众也能够参观这处文化遗址。

A peculiarity of this project was the fact we were working with the cultural heritage: the objects restored by us shaped a visual image of the residential complex territory, which made it unique. Thus, we incorporated into the general composition the landmarks dating back to two epochs: the Tsar Pavilion dating back to the times of Alexander III and the fragments of the Young Pioneers stadium, which opened back in 1934.

The Tsar Pavilion was erected in 1882 to celebrate the XV All-Russia Industrial and Art Exhibition, which was to be visited by the emperor Alexander III. The piazza in surrounding the restored pavilion is the main public space of the territory. Not only the residents of the complex but also the public at large have gained access to this cultural heritage.

▼沙皇展览馆

The Tsar Pavilion © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

广场上设有旱喷装置，周围被廊架围绕，廊架两侧悬挂有秋千。开发区域的几何构成设计将沙皇馆转变为整个广场乃至整个住宅综合体的中心焦点。通过这种设计手法，即使从列宁格勒斯基远眺，展馆也清晰可见。

The piazza accommodates also a dry fountain surrounded by pergolas with swings on both sides. The geometry of the development area turns the Tsar Pavilion into the central object of both the square and the whole complex. The residential complex was designed so as to make the historic pavilion clearly visible from the Leningradsky prospect.

▼广场上的旱地喷泉装置

The piazza accommodates a dry fountain. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

▼廊架两侧悬挂有秋千

The pergolas with swings on both sides © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

修复后的前少先队体育场的部分墙体，将展览馆前的广场有效隔绝在过往车辆的噪音污染之外。我们着重修复了两个关键点：一部分墙体和两块马赛克景墙。

作为重点设计元素的马赛克景墙上描绘了儿童使用运动器材的画面，周边区域围绕此设计展开。

The restored fragment of the wall belonging to the former Young Pioneers stadium helps to protect the square in front of the pavilion from the noise of the cars passing by. We were able to restore the key elements of the stadium: a part of the wall and two mosaic panels. 

The children with sports equipment depicted in the panels became an essential element based on which we shaped the territory surrounding the mosaics.

▼马赛克景墙上描绘了儿童使用运动器材的画面

The children with sports equipment depicted in the panels. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

直至项目动工，体育场的墙体都还只具备单一的装饰功能。在项目开发过程中，运动场的墙体上增添了墙栏作为露天吧台区，以一条步行廊道将保存完好的墙体楼梯与玻璃屋一层的小块区域连接起来。该结构拓展了综合体的功能内容，为总览全区景观提供了全新的视角。

Until recently, the stadium wall used to have only a decorative function. Within the development project a gym wall bars section was added with a pedestrian gallery connecting the preserved stairs of the wall and the small zones at the first level of the glass-house. The structure enlarges the functional content of the complex and gives a chance to see the territory from a new angle.

▼依托运动场墙体的露天吧台区

The gym wall bars © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

▼吧台区的步行廊道连接着被保留下来的墙体楼梯

A pedestrian gallery connecting the preserved stairs of the wall © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

修复后的苏联马赛克位于两座壁龛当中，在另外的六个壁龛中，每两个分别用于放置网球台，儿童玩乐设施和成人运动器械。运动场的露天吧台上还包括两座露天剧场和一架通往二楼的楼梯。

The restored Soviet mosaics are located in two niches, while two other ones accommodated tables for tennis, four more niches have kids and adults sport equipment - each occupying two of these four niches. The gym wall bars include also two amphitheatres and an additional staircase to the second level.

▼修复后的苏联马赛克位于两座壁龛中

The restored Soviet mosaics are located in two niches. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

▼放置网球台的壁龛

One niche accommodates tables for tennis. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

在马赛克景墙上，儿童栩栩如生的人物形象被明亮的涂鸦画和运动器械的对比细节凸显。被保存下来的前少先队体育场墙体由Raskrasimvse团队的涂鸦艺术家们绘制。

The dynamics of the children’s figures in the mosaic panels is stressed by a work-out zone with some bright graffiti and contrast details of the sports equipment. The preserved wall of the former Young Pioneers stadium was painted by the Raskrasimvse team of graffiti artists.

▼涂鸦画和运动器械

The bright graffiti and the sports equipment © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

专为住宅居民设计的绿洲庭院以特殊的构成手法设计，采用了多个形状各异的五边形。由于庭院的这种分隔形式，空间在视觉效果上被扩大，也看起来更加复杂多样。种植池也作为装饰物装点了庭院景观。

The oasis-yards are allocated exclusively for the complex residents. A special pattern of variously shaped pentagons was created for the yards. Due to such separation of the yards, the space enlarges visually and looks more complex. The planter boxes also shape an ornament. 

▼由多个形状各异的五边形组成的绿洲庭院

The oasis-yards is composed of variously shaped pentagons. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

每个庭院中都设置有带秋千的凉廊，带吧台的圆形剧场以及儿童小型游乐场。项目旨在打造人性化尺度、体验舒适的居住环境。

Each yard has a pergola with swings, amphitheatre with a bar stand and a small playground for kids. We were aiming to create an atmosphere of a cozy yard comparable in size with the people in it. 

▼带有秋千的凉廊

The pergola with swings © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

▼带来舒适体验的庭院环境

The yard brings cozy experience. © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

现在场地内还增设了微地形儿童趣味活动区和一处远离车行道、被小丘与灌木包围的安静运动区。这些区域不仅可供综合体居民使用，也对临近住宅区的居民开放。

The territory now also enjoys a kids’ zone with geoplastic and a sports zone protected from the driveway area by the hills with bushes and trees. These sites are available not only to the complex residents but also to the residents of the neighbouring houses. 

▼微地形儿童活动区

Thea kids’ zone with geoplastic © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

▼被小丘与灌木包围的运动区

A sports zone surrounded by the hills with bushes and trees © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

地面的浮雕与铺装的图案塑造了独特且引人注目的空间图像。这些区域被景观划分成块，除了使基础设施的位置多元化之外，也给予了儿童与青少年充分的自由去设计对这些空间场景的使用方式。

The relief of the site as well as the pattern of the pavement shape a unique and an eye-catching  image of the space. These areas are split into zones by the landscaping, which in addition to the unusual location of the equipment lets you make up your own scenarios of using these spaces for kids and teenagers. 

▼景观细部

The landscape details © Dmitry Tchistoprudov

▼总平面图

The overall site plan © Wowhaus Bureau

^项目信息

^{项目名称：莫斯科Tsarskaya ploschad住宅综合体开发}

^{项目地点：俄罗斯，莫斯科列宁格勒斯基大道31号}

^{总体规模：4公顷}

^{承包商：MR Group}

^{设计公司：Wowhaus Bureau}

^{主策划：Dmitry Likin, Oleg Shapiro}

^{主创建筑师：Alyona Zaitseva, Ivan Krasheninnikov, Marina Yarmarkina}

^{建筑师：Ivan Korenkov; with the participation of Anastasia Grishina, Pavel Zeldovich, Yekaterina Sporykhina}

^{景观开发：Arbor group} 

^{照明设计：Light Culture}

^{涂鸦设计：Raskrasimvse}

^{设计周期：2015-2020}

^{建造周期：2016-2020}

^{图片来源：Dmitry Tchistoprudov}

^{Project Name：Development of the Tsarskaya ploschad residential complex in Moscow}

^{Project Location：Leningradsky prospect, estate 31, Moscow}

^{General area of development: 4 hectares} 

^{Contractor: MR Group}

^{Design Company：Wowhaus Bureau}

^{Masterminds: Dmitry Likin, Oleg Shapiro}

^{Lead Architects: Alyona Zaitseva, Ivan Krasheninnikov, Marina Yarmarkina}

^{Architects: Ivan Korenkov; with the participation of Anastasia Grishina, Pavel Zeldovich, Yekaterina Sporykhina}

^{Landscape Development: Arbor group} 

^{Lightening: Light Culture}

^{Graffiti: Raskrasimvse}

^{Designing: 2015-2020}

^{Implementation: 2016-2020}

^{Photo: Dmitry Tchistoprudov}

^{翻译&排版：胡碧乔}

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^{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

^{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}