法国塞纳河上的步行桥 | Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes

Dietmar Feichtinger在法国塞纳河上设计了一座新的步行桥，作为Mantes-la-Jolie和Limay两个市镇间的柔性连接，邀请市民进入这条真正的城市走廊。

步行桥位于法国Vexin地区南部边界的塞纳河弯道上，成为城市与自然景观交织的舞台。在河谷坡地茂密的树荫之下，在圣母教堂高耸的尖顶和北岸古城的街道之间，人们沿着步行桥穿越塞纳河的两条分支，在河中小岛Ile aux Dames的繁茂坡地上肆意徜徉。

Dietmar Feichtinger's new soft mobility bridge over the Seine linking Mantes-la-Jolie and Limay is an invitation to embark on a veritable urban promenade. In the crook of one of the loops of the river that define the southern limit of the French Vexin, he has created a subtle staging for urban space and the natural landscape to meet. In the wooded shade of the hills that dominate the valley, between the high silhouette of the collegiate church of Notre-Dame and the streets of the ancient city on the north bank, the new pathway crosses two arms of the river, pausing only to rest on the wooded slope of the Ile aux Dames.

▼城市与自然景观交织的舞台

A subtle staging for urban space and the natural landscape to meet© David Boureau

▼在河心岛Ile aux Dames的草坡上向南回望 

South view from the slopes on Ile aux Dames © David Boureau

建立柔性连接的双道步行桥

A double footbridge for a soft link

从河岸向北部的城镇走去，人们很难察觉到步行桥建立在原有的桥梁——“新桥”的结构上。它始建于18世纪Mantes-la-Joie的城墙被拆除之际，第二次世界大战后又重建了如今较窄的部分，并扩展了皇家大道（Rue Royale）延长线上的Cordeliers码头，让小镇向北部开放。但如今，桥上来往的车辆挤压了步行与骑行的的空间。

Almost imperceptible when one approaches the town from the riverbanks, the first crossing is based on an existing structure, the Pont Neuf, built in the 18th century following the destruction of the ramparts protecting Mantes. The relatively narrow structure was rebuilt after the Second World War and spans the Quai des Cordeliers at the continuation of the Rue Royale and opens up the town to the north. As it is now saturated with permanent road traffic, it is no longer appropriate for pedestrians and cyclists to cross the river. 

▼步行桥建在车行桥“新桥”之上 

The footbridge is based on the Pont Neuf © David Boureau

2012年，Mantes与Limay市政府共同举办设计竞赛，建立两个市镇间的可持续交通。伴随着步行桥的开放，该项目的第一阶段宣告完成；新的步行桥跨越两岸，连接了两个历史街区。人们可以从Mantes的圣母教堂出发，通过步行桥走过河岸与河心岛，而后绕过一个小型露天剧场（Theatre de Verdure），再通过“旧桥”到达巴黎大街，并沿路直抵市中心。

The project for a link dedicated to sustainable mobility between Mantes and Limay, supported by the two municipalities and the region, was the subject of a competition in 2012. The first phase of the work was completed in 2019 with the opening of the footbridge spanning the arm of the river, adjacent to the former royal city, and the new link is part of an urban route linking the historic districts of the two towns. From the foot of the Gothic collegiate church, the footbridge crosses the first arm of the river, runs along the island, skirting a small open-air theatre ("Théâtre de Verdure"). You then reach Limay by taking the Old Stone Bridge and picking up the Rue de Paris, which leads to the town centre.

▼步行桥设计平面图 

Site plan © Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes 

步行桥在已有的车行桥一侧蜿蜒并行，始终保持一定距离。从河岸望去，步行桥宛如飞旋于塞纳河上，精细的钢制曲线在两岸之间起伏腾挪，形态不断发生变化，在不知不觉中人行道与自行车道通过高差相互隔开，其中自行车道更靠近一旁的车行桥。无论是步行还是骑自行车，人们几乎感受不到汽车驶过的喧嚣。两条道路之间的高差可作为长椅供人们休憩。桥的中部略高于车行桥，人行道和自行车道间在这里没有高差，从而使桥面变宽，行人可以在此慢慢欣赏塞纳河美丽的风景。

For this first crossing, which is now completed and runs alongside the road bridge, Dietmar Feichtinger chose to place the new structure at a distance from the existing bridge deck. When you stand on the bank, the footbridge looks as if it is flying over the river: fine steel curves undulate between the two banks in a three-dimensional motion, continually changing shape, rising and almost imperceptibly separating the pedestrian path from that of the two-wheelers, which is positioned closer to the car bridge. Whether crossing on foot or by bike, one almost immediately forgets the noise of the traffic. A difference in level is established between the decking of the two routes to form a bench seat. In the middle of the crossing, where the footbridge rises well above the roadway, the levels meet and the passage widens to offer passers-by a view over the river where they can linger to admire the beautiful landscape.

▼自行车道与人行道之间的高差可用作长椅

A difference in level is established between the decking of the two routes to form a bench seat © Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes

▼桥梁的中部变宽，供游人欣赏河上风景

The passage widens to offer passers-by a view over the river © Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes

© David Boureau

钢铁与木质的丝带连接河流两岸

A ribbon of steel and wood linking the two river banks

Dietmar Feichtinger擅于对结构进行偏移、柔化与扭曲，颠覆传统结构，例如巴黎的西蒙•波伏娃 步行桥。在学院教堂的扶壁下，他设计了两条钢木材质的“丝带”，它们并行、抬升，时而靠近时而远离。全钢的桥梁结构由河两岸的桥台支撑，中央可变形的梯形沉箱如同脊柱一般，上面架设了一系列间距 3 米的T 形支架。防水的箱型梁由焊接金属板组成，其抗扭强度使桥梁截面产生的不对称力得以传递到支撑结构上。

Dietmar Feichtinger enjoys diverting, softening and twisting his structures, as he did in Paris with the Simone de Beauvoir footbridge; he never passes up an opportunity to twist the wise rules of traditional construction. Beneath the buttresses of the collegiate church, he casts a double ribbon of steel and wood which brushes against, rises above, gets closer to and then moves away again from the road. The all-steel structure is supported by the bridge abutments on either side of the river. A central caisson with a variable trapezoidal profile forms the main framework, like a spinal column to which a series of T-shaped brackets are fixed 3 meters apart from one another. The watertight box girder is composed of welded metal sheets whose torsional strength enables the asymmetrical forces generated by the profile of the bridge to be transferred to the supports.

▼Feichtinger在巴黎设计的西蒙•波伏娃步行桥

Simone de Beauvoir footbridge in Paris designed by Dietmar Feichtinger © David Boureau

而本项目中，河流上方的桥面则是借助新桥（Pont Neuf）的两根混凝土立柱支撑，避免新建桥梁结构侵占河床。固定在立柱上的斜梁承受垂直方向的力，而连杆则保证了整个结构的稳定性，这些连杆铰接在柱子的顶部。桥梁支架可以根据情况进行调整，以便支撑不同宽度的桥面，同时可以解决内侧的自行车道和外侧的人行道之间的高差起伏。

In the middle of the river, the two concrete pillars of the Pont Neuf serve to carry the intermediate supports. Thus, the new structure does not encroach on the riverbed. In each case, an inclined cross-sectional leg, fixed to the stem of the pier, takes up the vertical force, while a connecting rod ensures the stability of the entire structure. These connecting rods, embedded in the caisson, are articulated at the head of the pillars. The variable profile of the brackets makes it possible to support decks of varying widths and to absorb the differences in elevation of the decking between the two-wheeler path on the bridge side and the pedestrian path on the river side.

▼步行桥的支撑结构

Cross-sectional leg fixed to the stem of the pier © David Boureau 

▼步行桥的支撑结构细节图

Structure details © Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes 

让古老桥梁重获新生

A footbridge like a seam, to bring an historic route back to life

在河中的岛上，桥面缓缓向外延伸并降低高度，像楼厅一样环绕着露天剧院，同时将圣母教堂引入人们的视野。连接小岛与Limay的旧桥（Vieux Pont）修复完成后，步行桥将全面投入使用。步行桥北段将伴随着这些柯罗曾在1869年作品“塞纳河上Limay的旧桥”中描绘过的金色桥拱，连接河流两侧繁茂的森林。

On the island, the deck flares out and lowers gently, the urban walkway continues round the open-air theatre like a balcony and brings the collegiate church into view. The route will be fully functional once the restoration work on the Vieux Pont, which will again link the Ile aux Dames to Limay to the north-east, has been completed. The northern part of the walk follows the blonde stone arches that link two wooded banks painted by Corot in 1869. 

▼柯罗画作《塞纳河上Limay的旧桥》

Seine and Old Bridge at Limay by Corot © Paul Rodman Mabury Collection

1940年，这座历史悠久的桥梁中间的两个桥拱被溃败的法国军队炸毁。这道断裂的伤痕将被设计师精密地缝合起来，在3 根细长椭圆形横梁组成的精钢框架上，架设着钢柱、玻璃护栏和木质桥面。扁平的钢制护栏让步行桥显得轻盈而线性，与石材的厚重和曲线形成鲜明对比。老桥的最后一个拱门标示着步行桥的结束，上岸后人们将经过名为Maison du Passeur的前海关大楼与其绿树成荫的三角形广场。这个位于Limay老城入口的公共广场，将因为行人和骑自行车的人纷至沓来而变得充满生机。

The historic bridge, two of whose central spans were blown up by the French army during the 1940 debacle, leaving a gaping scar, will be fitted with a discreet suture: a fine steel framework made up of 3 beams with a slender elliptical profile, supporting a steel, glass and wood deck. A plain guardrail of flat iron reinforces the lightness and linearity of the footbridge, and contrasts with the massiveness and curves of the stone structure. The route ends on the last arches of the Old Bridge and sets down on the opposite bank; you then walk past the Maison du Passeur, a former customs house with a tree-lined triangular esplanade which is nowadays redundant. Soon this public square will come alive once again when the pedestrians and cyclists arrive at the entrance to the old town of Limay.

▼钢制立柱、玻璃护栏和木质桥面

A steel, glass and wood deck © David Boureau

▼石材的厚重与钢材的轻盈形成了有趣的对比

The lightness and linearity of the footbridge contrast with the massiveness and curves of the stone structure © David Boureau 

_项目信息

_{项目名称：塞纳河上的步行与自行车桥}

_{项目地址：法国Mantes-la-Jolie与Limay之间}

_{业主：SMSO}

_{建筑设计：Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes}

_{工程设计：Terrell SAS}

_{其他设计方：Coup d’éclat，照明设计}

_{承包商：RAZEL-BEC}

_{项目规模：长202米，宽6-7米}

_{建成时间：2019年9月}

_{项目耗资：465.6万欧元（不含税）}

_{Project: Footbridges over the Seine River for pedestrians and cyclists}

_{Address: Connecting Mantes-la-Jolie and Limay, France}

_{Client: SMSO (Syndicat Mixte d'aménagement, de gestion et d'entretien des berges de la Seine et Oise)}

_{Architect: Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes}

_{Engineers: Terrell SAS}

_{Other Planners: Coup d’éclat, Concepteurs lumière cotraitant}

_{Contractors: RAZEL-BEC}

_{Size and main features: length 202m, width between 6 and 7m}

_{Completion time: 09.2019}

_{Building costs: 4 656 000 €HT}

编译：冯康泰

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_{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}