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德国柏林ULAP广场景观设计 | 德国雷瓦德景观建筑事务所

RLA德国雷瓦德 2021-04-22

原创

项目名称：

Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark
项目地点：

柏林（德国）
项目规模：

1.3公顷
设计公司：

德国雷瓦德景观建筑事务所
委托方：

德国议会城市发展部
图片来源：

德国雷瓦德景观建筑事务所

背景介绍

^{Background Introduction}

ULAP (Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark) 世界博览会展馆原名世界博览会展馆。这里曾经展出过世界最大的飞行器Dornier DoX。二战中展馆被炸毁，留下开阔的场地。此后植被自由生长，成为城市中难得的一片绿地。场地位于柏林中心区最繁华的地段。当时柏林主火车站即将完工，本就南靠德国联邦国务部的场地，进一步成为通行要地。柏林发展局以“广场”为题征集设计方案，强调提高其通行性。

The ULAP (Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark) World Exposition Pavilion was originally called the World Exposition Pavilion, and once exhibited the world’s largest aircraft Dornier DoX. The exhibition hall was bombed during World War II, leaving an open space. After that, the vegetation grew freely and became a rare green space in the city. The venue is located in the most prosperous area in central Berlin. At that time, the Berlin main railway station was about to be completed, and the site of the German Federal Ministry of State to the south became an important place. The Berlin Development Agency solicited design proposals with the theme of “Plaza”, emphasizing improving its accessibility.

^{▲项目概览 Overview © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲场地内草木茂盛 Lush vegetation in the site © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲阶梯刻满历史痕迹 The steps are full of historical traces © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

方案探讨

^{Plan Discussion}

正当其他竞争对手将场地定位为传统的广场，着手统一的铺装设计元素时，雷瓦德景观建筑事务所的设计师们经过实地调研后，开始思考另外一种可能。经过多番讨论，场地中心区域确定摒弃硬质铺装，定为素土地面。在一个以“广场”为主题的竞赛中，不得不说这是一个冒险的决定。

^{Just as all competitors positioned the site as a traditional square and began to unify the pavement design elements, the designers of Reward Landscape Architects began to think about another possibility after field investigation. After many discussions, the central area of the site decided to abandon hard pavement and set it as plain ground. In a competition with the theme of “square”, it must be said that this is a risky decision.}

^{▲在草坪及素土地面的多种方案中反复比较 Repeated comparisons in a variety of plans for lawns and plain soil © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

场地整体成三角形，是相对规则简练的几何形状，为保持造型的统一，最终将山坡形状确定为最简洁的半圆。

^{The entire site is triangular, which is a relatively regular and concise geometric shape. In order to maintain the unity of the shape, the shape of the hillside is finally determined as the simplest semicircle.}

^{▲推敲斟酌山坡形状 Consider the shape of the hillside © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

广场东面为流畅明快的硬质铺装通道，核心部分则保留为绿地。为保证通行性，杂乱的底层植被被拔除。大量被保留及新种植的树木充实了绿地的框架。这既留存了场地郁郁葱葱的特点，又用树冠构筑出新的“屋顶”，用于纪念被炸毁的展览馆。

^{The east side of the square is set as a smooth and lively hard pavement channel, while the core part is reserved for green space. In order to ensure traffic, the messy bottom vegetation was removed. A large number of preserved and newly planted trees enrich the green space frame. This not only preserves the lush characteristics of the site, but also uses the canopy to construct a new “roof” to commemorate the bombed-out exhibition hall.}

^{▲场地落成完美复刻效果图 The perfect reproduction of the site completed © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

成果介绍

^Introduction

东面通道以平整大气的石板铺装为主，配以自行车架等各种出行配套设施。该区域靠近建筑群开阔处，适合设置露天咖啡厅等户外设施。

^{The east passage is mainly paved with flat and atmospheric stone slabs, equipped with various travel facilities such as bicycle racks. This area is close to the open area of the building complex and is suitable for setting up outdoor facilities such as outdoor cafes.}

^{▲形式及工艺都体现了简洁的美感 The form and craftsmanship reflect the beauty of simplicity © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

硬质铺装与素土相接处，用钢条隔开，并整理出较平坦的地形，保持场地的整体性。核心素土铺面既与硬质铺装柔和过渡，又方便种植树木，还能更有效吸收雨水，实现场地内雨水收支平衡。绿地内部树木的生长使地表微微隆起，这些不影响通行的地形变化都被保留。特别定制的铺装石板上，分散着与素土颜色一致的石粒。被行人带到硬质铺装上的素土融入铺装，保持视觉上的整洁。

^{The hard pavement and plain soil are separated by steel bars, and a relatively flat terrain is arranged to maintain the integrity of the site. The core plain soil pavement has a soft transition with the hard pavement, and is convenient for planting trees. It can also absorb rainwater more effectively and achieve a balance of rainwater within the site. The growth of trees in the green space makes the surface slightly uplift, and these topographical changes that do not affect traffic are preserved. The specially customized paving slabs are scattered with stone particles in the same color as the plain soil. The plain soil brought to the hard pavement by pedestrians blends into the pavement to keep it visually tidy.}

^{▲长成后的树木投下怡人树荫 The mature trees cast pleasant shade © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲钢条分隔及特制的石板铺装 Steel strip separation and special stone paving © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

几何形状容易使场地支零破碎及产生疏离感。座椅面向尖角横向排列，既使场地更统一规整，又形成欢迎之态。

^{The geometric shape easily breaks the site and creates a sense of alienation. The seats are arranged horizontally facing sharp corners, which not only makes the venue more uniform and regular, but also forms a welcome state.}

^{▲通过座椅排布整合场地 Integrate venues through seat arrangement © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲场地的亲切感吸引居民步入 The intimacy of the site attracts residents to step in © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲座椅的质朴材质是塑造亲切感的一个重要元素 The rustic material of the seat is an important element in shaping intimacy © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

破落的阶梯上曾经发生了著名历史事件“处决最后的莫阿比囚徒”。挣开石板争取生长空间的树根洋溢着自然的活力。设计师们保留了这段破损的阶梯，只是保证其通行性，在左侧增加了新路段。这样的新旧结合，充满了哲学的美感。

^{The famous historical event “execution of the last prisoner of Moabi” took place on the dilapidated stairs. The roots that broke away from the slate for growth space are permeated with natural vitality. The designers kept this broken ladder, just to ensure its accessibility, and added a new section on the left. This combination of old and new is full of philosophical beauty.}

^{▲新阶梯使用同样铺装，与落败的阶梯形成哲学对比 Using the same pavement new ladder, which forms a philosophical contrast with the failed ladder © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲挣破石板的树根 Tree roots breaking the stone © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

阶梯上设有两处座椅。它们更好地融合着阶梯与山坡，也提供了居高临下驻足欣赏场地的机会。场地中雨水平衡的设计贯穿始终。阶梯上的平台踏脚处使用了金属网，方便雨水渗入，提高了场地内雨水的消化率。

^{There are two seats on the stairs. They better integrate the stairs and hillsides, and also provide the opportunity to stop and admire the site from a high position. The design of rainwater balance in the site also runs through. Metal meshes are used at the platform feet on the steps to facilitate rainwater infiltration and improve the digestibility of rainwater in the site.}

^{▲金属踏板细节 Metal pedal details © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

早在前期考察阶段，设计师就对植被进行了采样。山坡上的植物配置选用原生品种，以保证植被的健康生长，降低维护成本。

^{As early as the early inspection stage, the designer sampled the vegetation. The plant configuration on the hillside selects native varieties to ensure the healthy growth of vegetation and reduce maintenance costs.}

^{▲植物选用场地原有品种 The original species of the plant selection site© REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲城市绿地得以保留 Urban green space is preserved © REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

夜景及冬景

^{Night and winter}

舍弃了座椅靠背及柱式照明的场地，展示出节制有序的韵律。木质为面，水泥为底，座椅在材料上配合幽静的环境，在功能上给灯光设备提供藏身之所。柔和的灯光保证了夜间的安全性，又打造出与白天不同的宁静的场景。富有节奏感的设计让场地在寒冬白雪中别有一番肃静之美。

^{Abandoned the seat back and column lighting venues, showing the rhythm of restraint and order. The wood is the surface and the cement is the bottom. The material of the seat matches the quiet environment, and the function provides a hiding place for the lighting equipment. The soft lighting ensures the safety at night and creates a tranquil scene different from the daytime. The rhythmic design makes the venue unique in the cold winter and white snow.}